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The explosive story of America's secret post-WWII science programs, from the author of the New York Times bestseller Area 51
In the chaos following World War II, the U.S. government faced many difficult decisions, including what to do with the Third Reich's scientific minds. These were the brains behind the Nazis' once-indomitable war machine. So began Operation Paperclip, a decades-long, covert project to bring Hitler's scientists and their families to the United States.
Many of these men were accused of war crimes, and others had stood trial at Nuremberg; one was convicted of mass murder and slavery. They were also directly responsible for major advances in rocketry, medical treatments, and the U.S. space program. Was Operation Paperclip a moral outrage, or did it help America win the Cold War?
Drawing on exclusive interviews with dozens of Paperclip family members, colleagues, and interrogators, and with access to German archival documents (including previously unseen papers made available by direct descendants of the Third Reich's ranking members), files obtained through the Freedom of Information Act, and dossiers discovered in government archives and at Harvard University, Annie Jacobsen follows more than a dozen German scientists through their postwar lives and into a startling, complex, nefarious, and jealously guarded government secret of the twentieth century.
In this definitive, controversial look at one of America's most strategic, and disturbing, government programs, Jacobsen shows just how dark government can get in the name of national security.
- Sales Rank: #537956 in Books
- Published on: 2014-02-11
- Released on: 2014-02-11
- Formats: Audiobook, CD, Unabridged
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 16
- Dimensions: 5.75" h x 1.50" w x 5.25" l, .85 pounds
- Running time: 1170 minutes
- Binding: Audio CD
- 16 pages
From Booklist
*Starred Review* By the end of 1945, the alliance of the Western powers with the Soviet Union had frayed, and the basic outlines of what would become the Cold War had taken shape. At the same time, military, scientific, and political leaders in the U.S. had become acutely aware of the value of German scientists responsible for great advances in rocketry and biological research under the Nazis. So, in August 1945, President Truman authorized the Joint Intelligence Objectives Agency (JIOA), a division of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), to aggressively “recruit” German scientists to come to the U.S. and to work for various government-affiliated programs. Truman had stipulated that members of the Nazi Party were not to be included. As Jacobsen, an investigative journalist, illustrates, the JIOA adroitly sidestepped Truman’s directive through an intense program of fraud and deception. Documents were forged or altered, wartime activities were covered up, and, in some cases, entirely new identities were created, all in the service of our national interest. Some of these men were only marginal Nazis, but some were fervent “true believers” directly responsible for war crimes. This is an engrossing and deeply disturbing expos� that poses ultimate questions of means versus ends. --Jay Freeman
Review
One of The Boston Globe's Best Books of 2014
One of iBooks' Top Ten Nonfiction Books of the Year
"Important, superbly written.... Jacobsen's book allows us to explore these questions with the ultimate tool: hard evidence. She confronts us with the full extent of Paperclip's deal with the devil, and it's difficult to look away."―Matt Damsker, USA Today (4 stars)
"With Annie Jacobsen's OPERATION PAPERCLIP for the first time the enormity of the effort has been laid bare. The result is a book that is at once chilling and riveting, and one that raises substantial and difficult questions about national honor and security...This book is a remarkable achievement of investigative reporting and historical writing."―Boston Globe
"As comprehensive as it is critical, this latest expose from Jacobsen is perhaps her most important work to date.... Jacobsen persuasively shows that it in fact happened and aptly frames the dilemma.... Rife with hypocrisy, lies, and deceit, Jacobsen's story explores a conveniently overlooked bit of history." -- Publishers Weekly (starred)
"The most in depth account yet of the lives of Paperclip recruits and their American counterparts.... Jacobsen deftly untangles the myriad German and American agencies and personnel involved...more gripping and skillfully rendered are the stories of American and British officials who scoured defeated Germany for Nazi scientists and their research."―New York Times Book Review
"Chilling, compelling, and comprehensive accounting.... Jacobsen's impressive book plumbs the dark depths of this postwar recruiting and shows the historical truths behind the space race and postwar US dominance. Highly recommended for readers in World War II history, espionage, government cover-ups, or the Cold War." -- Library Journal (starred)
"Darkly picaresque.... Jacobsen persuasively argues that the mindset of the former Nazi scientists who ended up working for the American government may have exacerbated Cold War paranoia."―New Yorker
"An engrossing and deeply disturbing expos� that poses ultimate questions of means versus ends." -- Booklist (starred)
"Annie Jacobsen's Operation Paperclip is a superb investigation, showing how the U.S. government recruited the Nazis' best scientists to work for Uncle Sam on a stunning scale. Sobering and brilliantly researched." -- Alex Kershaw, author of The Liberator
"Throughout, the author delivers harrowing passages of immorality, duplicity and deception, as well as some decency and lots of high drama. How Dr. Strangelove came to America and thrived, told in graphic detail." -- Kirkus Reviews
"[A] gripping, always disquieting story of a nation forced to trade principle for power.... Jacobsen gives us many vivid moments.... OPERATION PAPERCLIP takes its place in the annals of Cold War literature, one more proof that moral purity and great power can seldom coexist."―Chris Tucker, The Dallas Morning News
"Jacobsen uses newly released documents, court transcripts, and family-held archives to give the fullest accounting yet of this endeavor." -- The New York Post
"Doggedly researched." -- Parade
"A compelling work with interesting historical and personal revelations."―Jay Watkins, CIA's Intelligence in Public Literature
About the Author
Annie Jacobsen was a contributing editor at the Los Angeles Times Magazine and is the author of the New York Times bestseller Area 51. A graduate of Princeton University, she lives in Los Angeles with her husband and two sons.
Most helpful customer reviews
11 of 11 people found the following review helpful.
View Into a Rapidly Spinning Moral Compass
By Onyx Parrot
In World War II, Germany waged some of the most technically advanced warfare ever witnessed. They leveraged advances in aerodynamics, rocketry, chemicals and medicine to rain destruction and terror on their enemies. As the war ended, the fate of the scientists and engineers who created these innovations were of major interest to the victorious allied forces. There was, however, a huge problem with these Nazi scientists: Many were significant war criminals, some personally responsible for committing atrocious crimes during the conflict.
In the war’s aftermath, the US was left with a dilemma: Should they take advantage of the scientist’s expertise? Prosecute them for their crimes? Or risk having them captured by the Soviets, just as the Cold War was beginning?
Author Annie Jacobsen chronicles the rapidly spinning moral compass the US faced dealing with the fate of the German experts. Using a wide range of documents (including some only recently de-classified for this book) she traces the stories of many notable scientists, and the “Operation Paperclip” the US set up to sanitize their Nazi past. Wernher von Braun, for example, is known to most Americans as the heroic NASA designer who designed the Saturn-V rocket carrying astronauts to the moon. But in WWII, his V-2 missiles killed thousands of civilians in England and northern Europe. The underground factory constructing these missiles worked thousands more concentration camp prisoners to their deaths.
This book traces the frantic search for the scientists and their work as WWII wound down, then the bureaucratic push and pull as various agencies struggled with the scientists fates as well as prosecuting others for war crimes. Finally, she traces the ultimate fate of some of the scientists. Some had prosperous new lives as successful engineers and businessmen. Others ultimately died in disgrace as their Nazi past caught up to them. The book is an important chapter of post-war history just now coming to light.
19 of 19 people found the following review helpful.
Good source of information, especially for those of us who were directly affected and come over as children.
By Heidi B. Good
This part of the history of rocket science was of particular interest to me as someone who was brought to the USA as a baby because of Operation Paperclip. My father had worked in Berlin and we ended up in Wright Field. I knew we had travelled to Niagara Falls when I was 2 or 3 to officially enter the USA across the Rainbow Bridge. Now I know exactly how/why that happened and all the politics behind it. For me it was fun to find a few names (but not mine) that I recognized from childhood memories in a major historical event. But then I am a history buff and a genealogist.
As for the book itself, it is well written and presumably well researched. My parents had always said that von Braun was a very conceited individual (they used much stronger language though) so I can attest to that research information personally. My father was amazed at what the Americans did NOT know technically about rocket design, even in the 1950's as he had learned all that at University in Munich the 30s! Also another member of my extended family was a rocket scientist in Berlin at the same company and was dragged off to Russia. His house was surrounded by machine guns and the family had 24 hours to get their stuff together.They were there for 10 years before being released. So the competition between Russia and the USA to get these German rocket experts was very real.
7 of 7 people found the following review helpful.
Historian or not, you must read this book, if you want to understand the policy power plays that occur behind the curtain.
By Joseph A. Vitovec
This is an exceptional read, despite its innocuous title. It is thoroughly and comprehensively documented and though I thought I knew a great deal about Operation Paperclip, having researched it myself, I found multiple revelations affirming the author's thoroughness in uncovering facts and information long buried in various government and media vaults. Fascinating read that will strip away the conventional and reveal the true power plays behind the curtain. Very highly recommended.
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